Each problem states how progress is verified and what counts as a contribution. Besides the problems curated here, the catalogue includes open conjectures from Formal Conjectures (with Lean statements), optimization constants and the AlphaEvolve problems. Know one that belongs here? Propose a problem.
2 shown
Find a catalyst and cell design that reduce N2 to ammonia electrochemically at ambient conditions with verified, contamination-free rates — and separate real signals from false positives.
Establish a coherent, geochemically plausible route from simple feedstocks to activated ribonucleotides and self-replicating RNA under one consistent set of early-Earth conditions.
