Each problem states how progress is verified and what counts as a contribution. Besides the problems curated here, the catalogue includes open conjectures from Formal Conjectures (with Lean statements), optimization constants and the AlphaEvolve problems. Know one that belongs here? Propose a problem.
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Combine public NICER pulse-profile posteriors, gravitational-wave tidal-deformability constraints and pulsar masses into reproducible, well-calibrated constraints on the neutron-star equation of state.
Explain why local distance-ladder measurements of the Hubble constant H0 disagree with the value inferred from the cosmic microwave background under ΛCDM, or show that the disagreement is systematic.
