Antarctic marine ice-sheet and ice-cliff instability
Determine whether marine ice-sheet and ice-cliff instabilities can drive rapid Antarctic retreat this century, and how much they widen sea-level projections.
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Open problems
Each problem states how progress is verified and what counts as a contribution. Besides the problems curated here, the catalogue includes open conjectures from Formal Conjectures (with Lean statements), optimization constants and the AlphaEvolve problems. Know one that belongs here? Propose a problem.
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The equity premium puzzle
Why have stock returns historically exceeded safe-asset returns by far more than standard consumption-based models with plausible risk aversion predict? Reproducible calibrations on public data count as B-style evidence.
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